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Table 2 Topics for which a statistically significant difference (\(p_{\mathrm{adj}} < 0.05\)) was observed in coverage between undergraduate and graduate introduction to QIS courses. \(N=63\) courses: \(N_{U} = 46\) listed at the undergraduate level, \(N_{G} = 39\) at the graduate level (22 listed as both)

From: Introductory quantum information science coursework at US institutions: content coverage

Topic

%Undergraduate

% Graduate

p

\(p_{\mathrm{adj}}\)

Entropy (Shannon)

26%

49%

p<0.001

\(p_{\mathrm{adj}} < 0.001\)

Density matrices/mixed states

63%

82%

p = 0.002

\(p_{\mathrm{adj}} = 0.004\)

Entropy (von Neumann)

26%

44%

p = 0.011

\(p_{\mathrm{adj}} = 0.033\)