Figure 2

Schematics of the hybrid system: The two-dimensional array of atoms is positioned near a superconducting microwave coplanar waveguide resonator while the incoming probe field \(E_{p}\) is reflected or transmitted into an optical waveguide whose collection lens is placed under the atomic array in the gap between the superconducting elements of the resonator. The inset shows the atomic level scheme: The atoms initially in the ground state \(| g \rangle \) interact with the probe field on the transition \(| g \rangle \to | e \rangle \) with detuning \(\Delta _{p}\), the electronically excited state \(| e \rangle \) is coupled to a Rydberg state \(| s \rangle \) by a classical driving field with Rabi frequency \(\Omega _{d}\) and detuning \(\Delta _{d}\), while the Rydberg transition \(| s \rangle \to | r \rangle \) is strongly coupled to the microwave cavity mode ĉ with strength η and detuning \(\Delta _{c}\). The presence or absence of a microwave cavity photon changes the transmission and reflection of the atomic array