Figure 2

Depiction of a gauge-invariant state for \(Z_{2}^{1+1}\) LGT with staggered fermions on a lattice with linear extent L. The links are all in the eigenstate of X with eigenvalue +1, the even sites are empty (fermions) or in state \(|1\rangle =|\mathrm{down}\rangle \) in our convention, and the odd sites are filled (anti-fermions), denoted by the state \(|0\rangle = |\mathrm{up}\rangle \). We note here that the links at the boundary are set to unity