Figure 4

Schematic of the variational ansatz circuit for the gauge-redundant formulation (left) and the resource efficient formulation (right). Shown are the single qubit sublayer as well as sublayers resulting from staggering of gates based on gauge-matter (GM) and mass terms (M) of the respective Hamiltonians. Note that while in the gauge-redundant formulation (left) alternating qubits encode fermions and gauge-boson, respectively, qubits in the resource efficient formulation (right) are purely “bosonic”