Figure 2

The normalized receive-gain directivity patterns in EastWave FDTD of PPR1-PPR4 for manipulations the structure asymmetry comparing with SRR. Reception field pattern for PPR1-PPR4 structure comparing with SRR where (a) \(\varphi = 0^{\circ}\) and θ scanning, (b) \(\theta = 90^{\circ}\) azimuth angle φ scanning and (c) \(\varphi = 90^{\circ}\) polar angle θ scanning. (d) Schematic of the PPR electric field reception pattern measurement setup (top) and the definitions of the polar angles θ and azimuth angle φ in spherical coordinate system that θ is the angle with respect to \(z_{r}\)-axis and φ is the counter-clockwise angle of the point of interst projected to \(x_{r}y_{r}\) plane with positive \(x_{r}\)-axis. The electric field polarization points along z⃗, magnetic field vector points along −x⃗ and the linear optical polarizations inside the cell along z⃗. PPR is placed at an initial position \((x_{r},y_{r},z_{r})=(0,0,0)\). (e) Schematic diagram of PPR1-4