Figure 6
Q -parameters of a three-port circulator, matched to the external impedance of 50Ω. The matching is optimized for filling factor \(\nu = 8\); here, we neglect the parasitic coupling between electrodes. Comparing with Figure 4, good circulation is achieved only at the magnetic fields corresponding to \(\nu=8\), and the bandwidth of the device shrinks notably due to the high impedance mismatch to be overcome.