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Figure 4 | EPJ Quantum Technology

Figure 4

From: Qualifying quantum approaches for hard industrial optimization problems. A case study in the field of smart-charging of electric vehicles

Figure 4

(a) Illustration of the Rydberg blockade effect. When two atoms are far apart, \(|\mathbf{r}_{i}-\mathbf{r}_{j}|>r_{b}\), they don’t interact. On the other hand, if they are separated by less than the Rydberg blockade radius, \(|\mathbf{r}_{i}-\operatorname{\mathbf{}}_{j}|< r_{b}\), a strong interaction prevents the two atoms to be in the state \(|1\rangle \) at the same time. (b) Rydberg blockade and independent sets of a graph. Rydberg atoms correspond to the nodes of a UD-graph. There are edges between adjacent nodes if the distance between them is smaller than the Rydberg blockade radius \(r_{b}\), as illustrated for the top-left node. Due to the Rydberg blockade effect, the dynamics of the system is restricted to independent sets

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