Figure 3

Visual representation of the PSO algorithm. Initially, all the particles representing the different candidate solution vectors are initialized at random positions with random velocities. At each iteration the particles explore the search space of the problem, eventually converging around the collectively found global optimum. The particles are able to share knowledge regarding the best-found position with other particles, which is generically represented by the red fuzzy lines. In our implementation the topology of inter-particle communication is such that all particles are able to share information with every other particle