Table 4 Convergence values \(L(\alpha ,\beta )\) for the PSO algorithm. Convergence was considered only for values of \(L \leq 0.1256\), which corresponds to a maximum dispersion of approximately 2% of the entire 2π search space for each entry of the different candidate solution vector

From: Benchmarking machine learning algorithms for adaptive quantum phase estimation with noisy intermediate-scale quantum sensors