Figure 3

(a) Time evolution of the dc applied electric field \(\Delta E_{z}(t)\), of the amplitude of the ac electric field \(E_{\mathrm{ac}}(t)\) and of the mean values of the operators \(\sigma ^{\mathrm{ff}}_{z}\), \(\sigma ^{id}_{z}\) and the charge operator \(|e\rangle \langle e|-|g\rangle \langle g|\) in the flip-flop subspace during the evolution of the H gate for the initial state \(|\psi _{0}\rangle =|0\rangle \). (b) Bloch sphere representation of the H gate. The blue (yellow) arrow represents the initial (final) state in the laboratory frame (left) and in the rotating frame (right)