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Figure 1 | EPJ Quantum Technology

Figure 1

From: Quantum encryption with quantum permutation pad in IBMQ systems

Figure 1

We illustrate an encryption circuit for ideal implementation of the QPP on a quantum device. All the operations are performed using quantum gates and instruments native to quantum computing. The encryption procedure consists of an initialization, randomization, dispatching and quantum permutation pad operations. Note that permutations in the Permutation Pad are applied together as one pad. For this specific figure each permutation operator is acting on 2 qubits at a time. The permutation operators are not limited to 2 qubits only, but for the sake of simplicity without loss of generality we depict 2-qubits permutation operators. Qubits labeled “Designated plaintext qubits” and “Designated secret key qubits” are denoted in such way to show what input they will store. Note, that they are not yet initialized according to the plaintext bits and secret key bits. Initialization operation will transform default qubits into precisely the secret key qubits and plaintext qubits. That is, such qubits if measured will be precisely the plaintext and secret key bits

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