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Figure 1 | EPJ Quantum Technology

Figure 1

From: Qubit noise deconvolution

Figure 1

General scheme for the noise deconvolution process applied to a qubit. (a) Ideal estimation of an observable O on a single qubit in state ρ. The operator M{1,H,H S }, with H and S being the Hadamard and phase gate are used to select a measurement basis in \(\{\sigma _{z}, \sigma _{x}, \sigma _{y}\}\) respectively, and thus reconstruct a generic observable O, using Eq. (16). (b) Noise (indicated with a yellow box) happening before measurement leads to noisy estimates of the expectation values. (c) Noise deconvolution approach: measurements of the noise-inverted observables \(\mathcal{N}^{-1}(O)\) on the noisy state leads to the mitigated ideal result \(\langle O \rangle \). (d) The noise deconvolution approach can be used to mitigate the effects of \(\mathcal{N}_{1}\) only. However, the full noise (\(\mathcal{N}_{0}\) and \(\mathcal{N}_{1}\)) can be mitigated either if the unitary can be easily inverted as well, or if the noise processes commutes with the interleaving unitary, as is the case for depolarizing noise

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