Table 4 Testing accuracy applied to defect detection of industrial product. Prod. and (Q)ML stand for industrial product and (quantum) machine learning. Defective product is less than 1% on developing products. ⇒ means preprocessing. After preprocessing, we select 10 features by principal component analysis (PCA). C, Z stand for ckSVM and qkSVM using Z feature map

From: Performance of quantum kernel on initial learning process