Figure 1

Ladder geometry used in this study. The sites of the ladder have been labeled as \((i,j)\), where \(i=0,1,\ldots ,N-1\) and \(j=0,1\). Here N denotes the length of the ladder. The forward link operators are also shown and have been labeled by their direction \(\mu=1,2\) as well as the site from which they emanate. We note that the system is periodic only in the \(\hat {1}\)-direction