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Table 8 Estimated fractional uncertainties for Cf HCI clocks [30]

From: Measuring the stability of fundamental constants with a network of clocks

 

Conditions

Cf15+

Cf17+

Electric quadrupole

\(|F=3, m_{F}=\pm 2\rangle \rightarrow |F=3,m_{F}=\pm 2\rangle \) with \(|F=3, m_{F}=\pm 2\rangle \) ground state

0

0

BBR

\(4.0\pm 0.1~\text{K}\)

≪10−19

≪10−19

Quadratic Zeeman

251Cf with \(\delta B< 0.1~\text{mG}\)

5 × 10−19

1 × 10−18

Second order Doppler

Ca+ Doppler limit

1.5 × 10−19

1.5 × 10−19